Young lawyers most at risk, substance abuse study says
A study released just before the 2016 ABA Midyear Meeting rejects the prevailing wisdom about substance abuse and mental health problems in the U.S. legal profession on two key points.
First, the levels of problem drinking and mental health issues in the profession appear to be higher than indicated by previous studies. And second, younger lawyers are the most at risk of substance abuse and mental health problems. Previous studies indicated older lawyers were more at risk for developing problems in both areas.
The study was conducted jointly by the ABA Commission on Lawyer Assistance Programs and the Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, based in Center City, Minnesota. Nearly 13,000 licensed and employed lawyers and judges throughout the United States responded to the 10-question Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, a screening tool developed by the World Health Organization that asks for objective and subjective information.
According to the findings, 20.6 percent of the lawyers and judges surveyed reported problematic alcohol use, said Patrick R. Krill, director of the legal professionals program at Hazelden Betty Ford and a co-author of the study. But the study also found, using a variation of the questionnaire that focuses solely on the frequency of alcohol consumption, that 36.4 percent of the respondents qualified as problem drinkers.
The study results also indicate that 28 percent of the lawyers responding experience depression, 19 percent experience anxiety and 23 percent experience stress—all higher rates than were reported in earlier studies.
The results indicate that alcohol use disorders and mental health problems are occurring in the legal profession at higher rates than in other professions and the general population, Krill said. But he added that there is not one clear answer to why legal professionals appear to be more susceptible to these problems.
WORK-LIFE IMBALANCE
“This long-overdue study clearly validates the widely held but empirically undersupported view that our profession faces truly significant challenges related to attorney well-being,” Krill said at a press briefing. “Any way you look at it, this data is very alarming and paints the picture of an unsustainable professional culture that’s harming too many people. … The stakes are too high for inaction.”
An online version of the study is on the site of the Journal of Addiction Medicine from the American Society of Addiction Medicine. Co-authors of the study include Ryan Johnson, a research assistant at Hazelden Betty Ford, and Linda Albert, the manager of the lawyers assistance program at the State Bar of Wisconsin in Madison.
The study “creates an opportunity for the legal profession to turn the corner on some of these issues,” Krill said. Possible policy changes could include:
• Mandatory law school classes on the importance of maintaining well-being.
• Comprehensive mentoring programs.
• CLE-required courses on substance use disorders and mental health problems.
• Adequate funding for bar-sponsored lawyer assistance programs and collaboration with health groups to develop effective treatment.
• Programs to help bar regulators and licensing agencies identify and deal with lawyers who have problems with alcohol or mental health issues.
“People involved in COLAPS probably won’t be surprised by these findings,” said Terry L. Harrell, executive director of the Indiana Judges and Lawyers Assistance Program, who chairs the ABA’s Commission on Lawyer Assistance Programs. “But the thing is, we finally have good data so we can engage the entire profession to do something about this.”
